نشریه اسلام و پژوهش های روان شناختی
پیاپی 4 (بهار 1395)

The present research aims at identifying the componential structure and process components of religious identity in Islamic sources. To discover the components, the methods of content analysis and linguistic semantic were used in a two-stage process. The content validity of the components was confirmed by some experts in seminary sciences who were specialized in psychology or educational sciences. The findings showed that five components (inquiry, integration, commitment, vigilance, and self-care) can be introduced as the process components for religious identity. Besides, based on the findings of the research, seven components including beliefs, values, goals, orientations, characteristics, abilities, and vulnerabilities are considered as structural components of religious identity.

The present research aims at an empirical investigation of the stages of evolution in belief in God in children and juveniles based on Nowdhari’s theoretical research (2012) and was conducted through a cross-sectional method. The components of belief in God in this research are as follows: knowing God, knowing the meaning system, faith emotion and faith commitment. The research data were gathered through clinical method and a semi-constructed individual interview with 198 seven to seventeen years old students (males and females) in Qom selected through random classification, and were scored by five experts. The data were investigated through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The findings showed that as one’s age increases, his level of belief in God also increases. Besides, based on the obtained results, the course of evolution in belief in God in children and juveniles has the following stages: undifferentiated sense of faith, learned conceptual faith, first-level abstract faith, complete abstract faith.

The present research aims at determining the effect of teaching optimism on the level of depression and life satisfaction in women on the verge of divorce in Qom. The research method was semi-empirical with pretest and posttest using a control group. To do the research, 30 women on the verge of divorce were randomly put in two groups (15 in control group and 15 in experiment group). The independent variable was optimism which was presented to the experiment group during 14 sessions. No manipulation was done in the control group. The research devices were Beck’s depression scale (BDI-II) and Diener’s Life Satisfaction scale (SWLS). To analyze the data, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used. The findings showed that optimism is effective in reducing women’s depression and increasing their life satisfaction. This was in line with the findings of previous researches. The findings prepare useful information on the effectiveness of optimism for researchers, consultants and psychotherapists.

The present research aims at designing an initial test on patience with sins. In this research, in view of the parameters and signs identified in Quranic verses and traditions, a test with 44 items was designed. To discover the validity of the test content, Delphi Survey method was used; and to identify the primary reliability of the test, it was carried out on 106 subjects, and the reliability of the test was assessed through Cronbach’s Alpha as well as Spearman and Guttman’s split Coefficient. After carrying out the test, the internal consistency method was used (by calculating Spearman’s Correlation) to discover the construct validity of the test. The content validity of the test was confirmed by 8 experts. After experimental execution of the test, the primary validity of the test obtained through Cronbach’s Alpha was calculated to be 0.93, 0.93 through Spearman’s split-half, and 0.92 through Guttman’s split-half. To assess the construct validity of the test, the correlation of subscales with one another and with the whole scale, the correlation of each subscale with the total score, and the correlation of each item with the total score were calculated which then showed the desirable construct validity of the test.

The present research aims at compiling the model of relationship between pride, greed and envy. The research is of correlation type and was conducted on a sample population composed of 384 students in Khomein University, selected through multi-stage random sampling. The Islamic scales of greed/contentment and pride/ hiumily and the revised version of envy scale were used for gathering data, and the data were analyzed through Sobel test and path analysis. The indexes show the desirable fitness of the suggested model and support the mediatory role of greed in the relationship between pride and envy. The findings show that arrogance is the source of many negative feelings and characteristics including greed. It is necessary, thus, to pay more attention to the foundations, relations and mechanism of such moral characteristics.

The present research aims at a comparison between the effect of education based on attachment narrative therapy and spirituality therapy on marital conflicts. The statistical population consisted of all female employees with marital conflicts in district 7 and 8 of Tehran. 36 such women were selected as the sample population. The research device was the revised version of Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ-R). The research design was of pretest/ posttest type with control group. After random selection of control and experiment groups, experimental manipulations were performed on two groups for 12 two-hour sessions twice a week. At the end of the educational period, the three groups were given the posttest and follow-up. To analyze the data, the ANCOVA and post hoc tests were used. The findings showed that education based on attachment narrative therapy and spirituality therapy have meaningful effects on reducing marital conflicts. Moreover, education on the basis of spirituality therapy is more effective in reducing marital conflicts in comparison to education based on attachment narrative therapy. The results of pursuing the scores of the two groups after three months suggest the durability of the effect of manipulations.